Shotcrete
Retaining systems with shotcrete are designed to provide economical and rapid solutions for deep excavation applications. In these systems, the soil pressure is balanced by ground nails acting as passive anchors. In this shoring method, which can be applied in cohesive and hard formations, the ground is cut off from contact with air as a result of spraying the shotcrete concrete. Sprayed concrete is applied to the steel mesh laid surface. Soil nails manufactured on the surface covered with sprayed concrete are designed as permanent or temporary, depending on preference. Sprayed concrete soil nailed shoring systems are frequently applied in temporary deep excavations that are not too deep within the city. Additionally, they are preferred as permanent retaining solutions for addressing slope stability problems on highways. Shotcrete is defined as a mortar mixture consisting of water, aggregate, cement, and optional additives, sprayed onto the desired surface using compressed air.