{"id":3304,"date":"2026-11-06T22:57:43","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T22:57:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/?page_id=3304"},"modified":"2026-11-07T03:51:05","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T03:51:05","slug":"deep-soil-mixing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/services\/deep-soil-mixing\/","title":{"rendered":"Deep Soil Mixing (DSM)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull fz-home fz-svc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<section class=\"wp-block-group fz-page-hero fz-svc-hero is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-wrap fz-svc-hero-grid is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-svc-hero-text is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/services\/\">Services<\/a> \u00b7 Ground improvement \u00b7 Deep soil mixing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deep Soil Mixing (DSM): Ground Improvement by Mixing in Place<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"fz-lead wp-block-paragraph\">Deep soil mixing (DSM) is a ground improvement method: a rotating tool with paddles mixes the soil with a cement-based binder in place. In T\u00fcrkiye the method is known as derin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button fz-btn-primary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/request-a-quote\/\">Request a Quote<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button fz-btn-ghost\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:+905369327494\">+90 536 932 74 94<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full fz-hero-img fz-hero-svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skip-lazy=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/fenzemin-core\/assets\/img\/dsm-kesit-en.svg?v=1\" alt=\"Deep soil mixing section: rotary head on the mast, shaft with mixing paddles, silo and pump, a column being formed and a finished DSM column\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ground improvement by deep soil mixing, schematic drawing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-group fz-svc-facts is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-wrap is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-keyfacts is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-keyfact is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-label wp-block-paragraph\">Method<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-value wp-block-paragraph\">Mechanical mixing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-keyfact is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-label wp-block-paragraph\">Binder<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-value wp-block-paragraph\">Cement-based; wet or dry<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-keyfact is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-label wp-block-paragraph\">Column diameter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-value wp-block-paragraph\">Equal to the mixing tool<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-keyfact is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-label wp-block-paragraph\">Suitable ground<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-value wp-block-paragraph\">Soft clay, silt, loose sand<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-keyfact is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-label wp-block-paragraph\">Standard<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-value wp-block-paragraph\">EN 14679<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-keyfact is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-label wp-block-paragraph\">Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"fz-keyfact-value wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye and Central Asia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-group fz-sec fz-svc-main is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-wrap fz-svc-layout is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<nav class=\"wp-block-group fz-svc-toc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-toc-title wp-block-paragraph\">On this page<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list fz-toc-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what-is-deep-soil-mixing\">What it is, when you need it<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#dsm-vs-jet-grouting\">DSM or jet grouting<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#uses\">Uses<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#construction\">Construction steps<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#sizes\">Column diameter, calculator<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#testing\">Quality control<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#experience\">Our experience<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#price\">Price and quote<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-svc-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"what-is-deep-soil-mixing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is deep soil mixing?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deep soil mixing is a ground improvement method in which we mix the soil with a cement-based binder without removing it, so that it hardens in place. We drive a rotating shaft with paddles at its tip into the ground. Meanwhile the binder flows down the shaft, and the paddles mix it into the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the mix hardens, a regular column forms in the ground with a diameter equal to the mixing tool. Also, because the soil stays in place, little spoil comes up to the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are two ways to add the binder. The wet method uses cement grout, while the dry method uses cement or lime powder. The water content of the ground and the design decide which one suits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When do you need deep soil mixing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list fz-checks\">\n<li>Fill or building loads on soft clay and silt would cause too much settlement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A large area needs many columns, for example under roads and warehouses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Loose sand needs its liquefaction risk reduced<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An excavation needs a wall that holds back water and soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contaminated ground needs binding and stabilising in place<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"dsm-vs-jet-grouting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deep soil mixing or jet grouting?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both methods mix the soil with cement in place and form columns. However, they mix in different ways. In DSM rotating paddles do the work, while in jet grouting a high-pressure jet does it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aeef4614d3aa&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aeef4614d3aa\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full fz-figure wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/fenzemin-core\/assets\/img\/dsm-jet-grout-farki-en.svg?v=1\" alt=\"Deep soil mixing versus jet grouting, section: paddle tool and regular column in DSM, high-pressure jet and variable column diameter in jet grouting\"\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">DSM on the left, jet grouting on the right. In DSM the diameter equals the tool; in jet grouting it varies with the ground.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table fz-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Topic<\/th><th>DSM<\/th><th>Jet grouting<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Mixing<\/td><td>Mechanical, with a paddle tool<\/td><td>With a high-pressure jet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pressure<\/td><td>Low<\/td><td>Very high<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Column diameter<\/td><td>Tool diameter; regular<\/td><td>Varies with the ground<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Returning spoil<\/td><td>Little<\/td><td>Much more<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cement use<\/td><td>Relatively low<\/td><td>Relatively high<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Best ground<\/td><td>Soft clay, silt, sand<\/td><td>Sand, gravel, fill; clay with Jet 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Obstructions and tight sites<\/td><td>Needs a large rig; struggles with obstructions<\/td><td>Small drill hole; reaches under existing buildings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Typical use<\/td><td>Improvement over large areas, under embankments<\/td><td>Cut-off under foundations, tight sites<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In short, DSM is often cheaper on large, open sites with soft ground. Under existing buildings, on narrow plots or in coarse gravel, by contrast, <a href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/services\/jet-grouting\/\">jet grouting<\/a> comes first. We make the choice with you from the site investigation and the purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"uses\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where do we use deep soil mixing?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We use DSM mostly over large areas and in soft ground. The purpose then decides how we lay out the columns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-svc-cards is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-svc-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-svc-card-title wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Road and railway embankments<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reduces and speeds up the settlement of fill on soft ground.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-svc-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-svc-card-title wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Warehouse and factory floors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Strengthens the ground over large areas and controls floor settlement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-svc-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-svc-card-title wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Liquefaction mitigation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Locks loose sand in place with a grid or cell layout.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-svc-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-svc-card-title wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Excavation walls<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overlapping columns hold back water and soil; steel sections can go inside where needed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On motorway and large housing projects, for example, DSM often works together with bored piles. The piles carry the structure, and DSM reduces settlement of the soft ground around them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"construction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How do we build DSM columns?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each DSM column takes five steps. We mix the soil both on the way down and on the way up, so the column comes out more uniform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list fz-svc-steps\">\n<li><strong>Setting out:<\/strong> We mark the column centres from the design.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Down-stroke mixing:<\/strong> We rotate the tool into the ground and feed the binder down the shaft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Base:<\/strong> At the column base we turn the tool a few more times to complete the mix.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Up-stroke mixing:<\/strong> We keep the tool turning as we withdraw it, so the soil mixes a second time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Record:<\/strong> For every column we log the depth, binder quantity and number of turns.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-svc-note is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Uniform mixing decides the quality.<\/strong> Withdrawing the tool too fast or feeding the binder unevenly leaves unmixed soil in the column. That is why we keep the down and up speeds, the number of turns and the binder flow at the design values.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"sizes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">DSM column diameter and volume<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mixing tool sets the column diameter, so the diameter is known from the start. The ground and the target strength set the binder quantity. The table below shows the volume of treated ground in one metre of column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table fz-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Column diameter<\/th><th>1 m of column<\/th><th>10 m of column<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u00d860 cm<\/td><td>0.283 m\u00b3<\/td><td>2.83 m\u00b3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00d880 cm<\/td><td>0.503 m\u00b3<\/td><td>5.03 m\u00b3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00d8100 cm<\/td><td>0.785 m\u00b3<\/td><td>7.85 m\u00b3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00d8120 cm<\/td><td>1.131 m\u00b3<\/td><td>11.31 m\u00b3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Designers usually specify the binder as kilograms of cement per cubic metre of soil. So once you know the volume, you can roughly estimate the cement you need.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deep soil mixing quantity and volume calculator<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can work out the total column length and the treated ground volume for your project below. The result is for an early budget; the design sets the final quantities.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"fz-calc fz-calc--3\" data-fz-calc data-lang=\"en-GB\"><div class=\"fz-calc-grid\"><label for=\"fzc4990d\">Column diameter (cm)<input id=\"fzc4990d\" name=\"d\" type=\"number\" min=\"0\" step=\"5\" inputmode=\"decimal\" value=\"80\"><\/label><label for=\"fzc4990l\">Single column length (m)<input id=\"fzc4990l\" name=\"l\" type=\"number\" min=\"0\" step=\"0.5\" inputmode=\"decimal\" value=\"12\"><\/label><label for=\"fzc4990n\">Number of columns<input id=\"fzc4990n\" name=\"n\" type=\"number\" min=\"0\" step=\"1\" inputmode=\"decimal\" value=\"200\"><\/label><\/div><div class=\"fz-calc-out\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><span>Total treated length<\/span><strong data-out=\"m\">2,400.0 m<\/strong><\/div><div><span>Treated soil volume<\/span><strong data-out=\"v\">1,206.4 m\u00b3<\/strong><\/div><div><span>Volume per column<\/span><strong data-out=\"v1\">6.03 m\u00b3<\/strong><\/div><\/div><details class=\"fz-calc-cost\"><summary>Optional: rough budget with your own unit rates<\/summary><div class=\"fz-calc-grid\"><label for=\"fzc4990pz\">Column (per m)<input id=\"fzc4990pz\" name=\"pz\" type=\"number\" min=\"0\" step=\"1\" inputmode=\"decimal\" value=\"\"><\/label><label for=\"fzc4990pb\">Binder (per m\u00b3)<input id=\"fzc4990pb\" name=\"pb\" type=\"number\" min=\"0\" step=\"1\" inputmode=\"decimal\" value=\"\"><\/label><label for=\"fzc4990po\">Other costs (total)<input id=\"fzc4990po\" name=\"po\" type=\"number\" min=\"0\" step=\"1\" inputmode=\"decimal\" value=\"\"><\/label><\/div><p class=\"fz-calc-total\">Rough budget: <strong data-out=\"cost\">\u2014<\/strong><\/p><\/details><p class=\"fz-calc-note\">Geometric volume of the columns. Binder take depends on the soil and the mix design; overlaps between columns are not deducted.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"testing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quality control and testing of DSM columns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nobody can see a column inside the ground. For this reason, we check quality first through process records and then through samples and tests. The client usually asks for tests; when asked, our testing partner carries them out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table fz-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Check<\/th><th>What it shows<\/th><th>What it does not show<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Process record<\/td><td>Depth, binder quantity, turns and speed<\/td><td>The actual column strength<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wet grab samples<\/td><td>Laboratory strength of the mix<\/td><td>How uniform the column is at every depth<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Core samples<\/td><td>Actual column strength and continuity<\/td><td>The condition of every column<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Load test<\/td><td>Behaviour of a column or group under load<\/td><td>Ground variation in other areas<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On large jobs we recommend trial columns before production starts. The same binder ratio can give very different strengths in different ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"experience\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Our experience with deep soil mixing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our founder, Abdullah \u00c7etinta\u015f, also worked on large projects that used DSM in earlier roles. Examples include bored piles and DSM ground improvement on the Northern Marmara Motorway in 2017\u20132018. Another is the Olmazor Business City housing project in Tashkent in 2020, which combined bored piles with DSM. <a href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/projects\/#kurucu\">See our founder&#8217;s earlier projects.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aeef4614f577&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aeef4614f577\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/olmazor-business-city-zemin-iyilestirme-2020-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Olmazor Business City, Tashkent, 2020: DSM column heads, from our founder's earlier roles\" class=\"wp-image-3137\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/olmazor-business-city-zemin-iyilestirme-2020-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/olmazor-business-city-zemin-iyilestirme-2020-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/olmazor-business-city-zemin-iyilestirme-2020-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/olmazor-business-city-zemin-iyilestirme-2020.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">From our founder&#8217;s earlier roles: Olmazor Business City, Tashkent, 2020 \u00b7 DSM column heads<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At Fen Zemin we look at DSM, jet grouting and bored piles with the same engineering eye. First we read the site investigation, then we propose the method that fits the purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"price\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What does the price of deep soil mixing depend on?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We usually price DSM per metre of column or per cubic metre treated. However, the cost changes with the binder ratio and the ground. That is why we do not publish rates and quote from the quantities instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list fz-checks\">\n<li>Column diameter, length, number and total quantity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Binder type and ratio: cement per cubic metre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ground: obstructions, coarse gravel and hard layers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Working platform and site access<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trial columns and the tests you need<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mobilisation: a large rig and silo set-up<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What to send for a quote<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list fz-checks\">\n<li>Site investigation report, borehole logs and laboratory tests<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improvement plan with column diameter, length, spacing and number<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Purpose: settlement, liquefaction or a wall<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Site location, size and access<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Write to us even if your design is not final yet. We will look at the site investigation and discuss whether DSM or jet grouting suits your site better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button fz-btn-dark\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/request-a-quote\/\">Upload your files and request a quote<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"faq\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions about deep soil mixing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We have grouped the questions we receive by who asks them. If yours is not here, call us or write through the quote form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading fz-faq-group\">Buying and cost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-faq-list fz-faq-list--svc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>How much does deep soil mixing cost per metre?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We do not publish a fixed rate, because the price depends on the binder ratio, the ground and the quantity. Send the site investigation and the improvement plan and we will quote from the quantities.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Is DSM cheaper than jet grouting?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over large areas and in soft ground, DSM is often cheaper, because it uses less cement and produces less spoil. On small jobs, however, mobilising a large rig can wipe out that advantage.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Why do quotes from different firms differ?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usually the binder ratio and column layout differ. For example, a quote with less cement per cubic metre looks cheap but may not reach the target strength. Line up the ratio and the tests first, then compare the prices.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Why is mobilisation so expensive?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The DSM rig and silo set-up are large, and moving and assembling them costs a lot. So on small jobs mobilisation takes a larger share, and the quote shows it on its own line.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading fz-faq-group\">Project managers and contractors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-faq-list fz-faq-list--svc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>How many metres of DSM can you build per day?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A single figure would mislead you. The ground, the column length, binder supply and the site layout set the daily output. So we settle the programme after the trial columns.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Will DSM damage nearby buildings?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DSM causes no vibration and works at low pressure. As a result, it carries less risk to neighbouring buildings than jet grouting. Even so, we recommend monitoring buildings close by.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>How much space does the rig need?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A DSM rig is large and needs a wide, firm working platform. The silo and mixing plant also need space. That is why jet grouting is often the choice on narrow plots.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Can we combine DSM with bored piles?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. On large projects the piles carry the structure, and DSM reduces settlement of the soft ground around them. The two worked together on the Northern Marmara Motorway and Olmazor projects, where our founder worked.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading fz-faq-group\">Site engineers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-faq-list fz-faq-list--svc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>What do we need to prepare on site?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rig needs a level working platform that can carry its track loads. Also plan space for the silo, mixing plant, water and power. We set the platform with you for the ground and the rig.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>What happens to the column heads?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The top of a column usually stays weaker. So we build the columns a little above working level and then trim off the excess. The design sets the trim level.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>What do you do if you hit an obstruction?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Old foundations, large boulders or rubble can stop the mixing tool. In that case we dig out the obstruction or move the column with the designer&#8217;s approval.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading fz-faq-group\">Supervising engineers and inspectors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-faq-list fz-faq-list--svc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>How do you test a DSM column?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coring is the most common method; the laboratory then tests the cores in compression. You can also take samples from the fresh mix. If needed, a load test on a column or a group follows.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Who sets the target strength?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The designer sets the target strength. We then settle the binder ratio with the design team based on results from the trial columns.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Which standard do you work to?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For construction we follow EN 14679 (deep mixing), which T\u00fcrkiye adopts as TS EN 14679. Designers use TBDY 2018 and Eurocode 7. On public works we also follow the client&#8217;s technical specification.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading fz-faq-group\">Structural and geotechnical designers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-faq-list fz-faq-list--svc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>What is the area replacement ratio?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The area replacement ratio is the total area of the columns divided by the treated area. A higher ratio means less settlement but higher cost. So you choose the ratio to meet the target settlement.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Which layout should we choose?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For settlement, a grid of single columns is often enough. Against liquefaction, however, cells or walls of overlapping columns work better. Ground conditions and the seismic design decide the layout together.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Can a DSM wall carry load?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A DSM column has no reinforcement and is weak in tension. So in an excavation wall, steel sections go inside the columns. The steel takes the bending, and the DSM holds back water and soil.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Does DSM work in organic soil?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organic matter and very high water content make it hard for cement to set. In such ground, laboratory mix tests should guide the choice of binder type and ratio.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading fz-faq-group\">Owners and neighbours<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-faq-list fz-faq-list--svc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Can you build DSM under my building?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usually not. A DSM rig is large and cannot work under an existing building. For ground under existing buildings, jet grouting or micropiles are the usual choice.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Does DSM help against earthquakes?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DSM can strengthen loose sand and reduce the risk of liquefaction. However, a building&#8217;s earthquake resistance does not depend on the ground alone. The building&#8217;s structural system also needs its own assessment.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading fz-faq-group\">Academics and students<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-faq-list fz-faq-list--svc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>What is the difference between wet and dry mixing?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In wet mixing the binder goes in as grout, which is common in sandy ground. In dry mixing, powdered binder uses the water already in the soil. As a result, the dry method suits very wet soft clays.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Which binders do you use?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cement is the most common binder. Lime, ground granulated blast-furnace slag and blends of these also work. The ground type and laboratory tests decide the choice.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details fz-faq is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>What is the difference between DSM and CSM?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CSM (cutter soil mixing) is a form of deep mixing that uses cutting wheels to build rectangular panels. DSM, on the other hand, produces round columns with rotating paddles. Both methods mix the soil in place.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-author is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium fz-author-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/abdullah-cetintas-jeoloji-muhendisi-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Abdullah \u00c7etinta\u015f, Geological Engineer, founder of Fen Zemin &amp; \u0130n\u015faat\" class=\"wp-image-3026\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/abdullah-cetintas-jeoloji-muhendisi-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/abdullah-cetintas-jeoloji-muhendisi-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/abdullah-cetintas-jeoloji-muhendisi.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-author-body is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-author-name wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abdullah \u00c7etinta\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"fz-author-role wp-block-paragraph\">Geological Engineer \u00b7 Founder, Fen Zemin &amp; \u0130n\u015faat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In ground engineering and foundations since 2006. This page draws on the site experience of Abdullah and our team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"fz-author-meta wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/abdullahcetintas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LinkedIn profile<\/a> \u00b7 Last updated: November 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"sources\" class=\"wp-block-heading fz-sources-title\">Sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list fz-sources\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.bsigroup.com\/products\/execution-of-special-geotechnical-works-deep-mixing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EN 14679: Execution of special geotechnical works, deep mixing<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rosap.ntl.bts.gov\/view\/dot\/40553\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FHWA GEC 13: Ground Modification Methods, Volume II (deep mixing)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.afad.gov.tr\/turkiye-bina-deprem-yonetmeligi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AFAD: Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBDY 2018)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-group fz-sec fz-sec--soft fz-svc-related is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-wrap is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related services<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-related-grid is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-related-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-related-title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/services\/jet-grouting\/\">Jet Grouting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ground improvement with a high-pressure jet<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-related-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-related-title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/services\/bored-piles\/\">Bored Piles<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deep foundations that carry the load<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-related-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-related-title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/services\/cfa-piles\/\">CFA Piles<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fast piles in wet, loose ground<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-related-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-related-title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/services\/dynamic-compaction\/\">Dynamic Compaction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compacting ground over large areas<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-related-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-related-title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/services\/pile-testing\/\">Pile Testing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cores and load tests<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-related-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"fz-related-title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/services\/geotechnical-design\/\">Geotechnical Design<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ground improvement design<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-group fz-sec fz-cta is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fz-wrap fz-center is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Request a quote for deep soil mixing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"fz-intro wp-block-paragraph\">Send us your site investigation and improvement plan. We will settle the method, the binder ratio and a quantity-based quote together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons fz-center-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button fz-btn-primary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/fenzemin.com\/en\/request-a-quote\/\">Request a Quote<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button fz-btn-dark\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:+905369327494\">+90 536 932 74 94<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Services \u00b7 Ground improvement \u00b7 Deep soil mixing Deep Soil Mixing (DSM): Ground Improvement by Mixing in Place Deep soil mixing (DSM) is a ground improvement method: a rotating tool with paddles mixes the soil with a cement-based binder in place. In T\u00fcrkiye the method is known as derin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma. Method Mechanical mixing Binder Cement-based; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3338,"parent":2479,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3304","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Deep Soil Mixing (DSM): Ground Improvement | Fen Zemin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Deep soil mixing (DSM): mixing the soil with binder in place using a paddle tool. 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